The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.